NCERT Solutions for Class 11
Mathematics
Chapter 1: Sets
Definition: A set is a well-defined collection of objects.
Formulas
- Union of two sets: A ∪ B
- Intersection of two sets: A ∩ B
- Difference of two sets: A - B
Examples
| Operation | Result |
|---|---|
| A = {1, 2, 3}, B = {3, 4, 5} | Union: {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} |
| A = {1, 2, 3}, B = {3, 4, 5} | Intersection: {3} |
| A = {1, 2, 3}, B = {3, 4, 5} | Difference: {1, 2} |
Physics
Chapter 2: Units and Measurements
Definition: Fundamental quantities and their units.
Formulas
- Speed = Distance / Time
- Force = Mass × Acceleration
- Pressure = Force / Area
Examples
| Formula | Example |
|---|---|
| Speed = Distance / Time | Speed = 100 km / 2 hr = 50 km/hr |
| Force = Mass × Acceleration | Force = 10 kg × 9.8 m/s² = 98 N |
| Pressure = Force / Area | Pressure = 100 N / 5 m² = 20 N/m² |
Chemistry
Chapter 3: Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties
Definition: Periodic table and trends in properties of elements.
Trends
- Atomic Radius decreases across a period and increases down a group.
- Ionization Energy increases across a period and decreases down a group.
- Electronegativity increases across a period and decreases down a group.
Examples
| Element | Trend |
|---|---|
| Hydrogen | Small atomic radius, high ionization energy |
| Sodium | Large atomic radius, low ionization energy |
| Fluorine | High electronegativity |
Biology
Chapter 4: Cell - The Unit of Life
Definition: Basic unit of life, structure and function of cells.
Cell Structures
- Cell Membrane: Semi-permeable membrane surrounding the cell.
- Nucleus: Control center of the cell containing DNA.
- Mitochondria: Powerhouse of the cell, site of respiration.
Examples
| Structure | Function |
|---|---|
| Cell Membrane | Controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell. |
| Nucleus | Regulates cell activities and stores genetic information. |
| Mitochondria | Generates energy in the form of ATP through cellular respiration. |
English
Chapter 5: The Portrait of a Lady
Summary: A narrative describing the relationship between the author and his grandmother.
Key Points
- Childhood memories with grandmother.
- Transition from village to city life.
- Grandmother's devotion to religious activities.
Example Analysis
Analyzing the symbolic representation of the grandmother's character and her influence on the author’s life.