NCERT Solutions for Class 12 History

This comprehensive guide provides detailed NCERT solutions for all chapters in the Class 12 History textbook. Each chapter includes summaries, explanations, and answers to the exercises, helping students grasp the historical concepts and prepare effectively for their exams.

Chapter List

Chapter 1: The Harappan Civilization

This chapter explores the Harappan Civilization, its discovery, the urban centers, and the social, economic, and cultural aspects of the civilization.

Summary: An overview of the Harappan Civilization including its major sites, urban planning, and artifacts.
Important Questions: Discuss the urban planning of the Harappan Civilization. What are the significant features of the Harappan economy?
Exercise Answers: Detailed answers to the exercise questions provided at the end of the chapter.

Chapter 2: Early States and Economies

This chapter discusses the early states in India, their formation, administration, and economic systems.

Summary: The formation of early states, administrative structures, and economic activities.
Important Questions: Explain the administrative structure of early states. How did the economy function during this period?
Exercise Answers: Detailed answers to the exercise questions provided at the end of the chapter.

Chapter 3: Political and Economic History

This chapter covers the political and economic history of early India, focusing on major dynasties and their contributions.

Summary: The rise and fall of major dynasties, their political achievements, and economic policies.
Important Questions: Discuss the political achievements of the Maurya and Gupta empires. What were the key economic policies during this period?
Exercise Answers: Detailed answers to the exercise questions provided at the end of the chapter.

Chapter 4: Social Histories

This chapter examines the social structures and cultural practices in early Indian history.

Summary: Social hierarchies, family structures, and cultural practices in early India.
Important Questions: Explain the varna system and its impact on society. How did family structures evolve during this period?
Exercise Answers: Detailed answers to the exercise questions provided at the end of the chapter.

Chapter 5: Religious Histories

This chapter delves into the religious developments and philosophical ideas in early India.

Summary: The development of major religions and philosophical traditions in early India.
Important Questions: Discuss the origins and teachings of Buddhism and Jainism. How did these religions influence society?
Exercise Answers: Detailed answers to the exercise questions provided at the end of the chapter.

Chapter 6: The Bhakti-Sufi Traditions

This chapter explores the Bhakti and Sufi movements and their impact on Indian society and culture.

Summary: The origins, teachings, and cultural impact of the Bhakti and Sufi movements.
Important Questions: What were the key teachings of the Bhakti movement? How did the Sufi movement influence Indian culture?
Exercise Answers: Detailed answers to the exercise questions provided at the end of the chapter.

Chapter 7: An Imperial Capital: Vijayanagara

This chapter examines the Vijayanagara Empire, focusing on its capital city, administrative structures, and cultural achievements.

Summary: The rise and fall of the Vijayanagara Empire, its capital, and its cultural contributions.
Important Questions: Describe the urban planning of Vijayanagara. What were the significant cultural achievements of the Vijayanagara Empire?
Exercise Answers: Detailed answers to the exercise questions provided at the end of the chapter.

Chapter 8: Peasants, Zamindars and the State

This chapter focuses on the agrarian society, the role of peasants, and the relationship between zamindars and the state.

Summary: The agrarian economy, the role of peasants, and the zamindari system.
Important Questions: Explain the role of peasants in the agrarian economy. How did the zamindari system function?
Exercise Answers: Detailed answers to the exercise questions provided at the end of the chapter.

Chapter 9: Kings and Chronicles

This chapter examines the historical chronicles written during the medieval period and their significance.

Summary: The role of chronicles in documenting the history of kings and their reigns.
Important Questions: Discuss the importance of chronicles in medieval history. What insights do they provide about the rulers and their administration?
Exercise Answers: Detailed answers to the exercise questions provided at the end of the chapter.

Chapter 10: Colonialism and the Countryside

This chapter explores the impact of colonialism on rural India, focusing on land revenue systems and peasant movements.

Summary: The colonial land revenue systems and their impact on the countryside.
Important Questions: Explain the different land revenue systems introduced by the British. What were the major peasant movements during the colonial period?
Exercise Answers: Detailed answers to the exercise questions provided at the end of the chapter.

Chapter 11: Rebels and the Raj

This chapter discusses the various rebellions and revolts against British rule in India, highlighting the causes and consequences.

Summary: Major rebellions and revolts against British rule, their causes, and consequences.
Important Questions: What were the causes of the Revolt of 1857? Discuss the impact of the revolt on British policies in India.
Exercise Answers: Detailed answers to the exercise questions provided at the end of the chapter.

Chapter 12: Colonial Cities

This chapter examines the development of colonial cities, their planning, and the social and cultural changes they underwent.

Summary: The development and planning of colonial cities and their social and cultural transformations.
Important Questions: Describe the planning and development of colonial cities. How did these cities transform socially and culturally?
Exercise Answers: Detailed answers to the exercise questions provided at the end of the chapter.

Chapter 13: Mahatma Gandhi and the Nationalist Movement

This chapter focuses on Mahatma Gandhi's role in the Indian nationalist movement and his strategies for achieving independence.

Summary: Mahatma Gandhi's leadership in the nationalist movement and his strategies for non-violent resistance.
Important Questions: Discuss the role of Mahatma Gandhi in the Indian nationalist movement. What were his main strategies for achieving independence?
Exercise Answers: Detailed answers to the exercise questions provided at the end of the chapter.

Chapter 14: Understanding Partition

This chapter explores the causes and consequences of the partition of India in 1947, focusing on the communal tensions and migration.

Summary: The causes and consequences of the partition of India, including communal tensions and large-scale migration.
Important Questions: What were the main causes of the partition of India? Discuss the impact of partition on Indian society.
Exercise Answers: Detailed answers to the exercise questions provided at the end of the chapter.

Chapter 15: Framing the Constitution

This chapter discusses the framing of the Indian Constitution, the debates in the Constituent Assembly, and the key features of the Constitution.

Summary: The process of framing the Indian Constitution, key debates in the Constituent Assembly, and the main features of the Constitution.
Important Questions: Explain the process of framing the Indian Constitution. What are the key features of the Indian Constitution?
Exercise Answers: Detailed answers to the exercise questions provided at the end of the chapter.