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Who was the leader of the Haitian Revolution, which led to the establishment of Haiti as the first independent black republic?
- A) Toussaint Louverture
- B) Simon Bolivar
- C) José de San Martín
- D) Miguel Hidalgo
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Which leader played a crucial role in the unification of Italy during the 19th century?
- A) Otto von Bismarck
- B) Giuseppe Garibaldi
- C) Napoleon Bonaparte
- D) Camillo di Cavour
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Who founded the Young Italy movement, advocating for the unification and independence of Italy?
- A) Giuseppe Mazzini
- B) Giuseppe Garibaldi
- C) Camillo di Cavour
- D) Victor Emmanuel II
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Which institution, established in 1865, aimed to promote peace and security among nations through diplomatic means?
- A) United Nations
- B) League of Nations
- C) Congress of Vienna
- D) International Red Cross
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Who was the founder of the International Red Cross, an organization providing humanitarian aid during times of war and disaster?
- A) Henri Dunant
- B) Florence Nightingale
- C) Clara Barton
- D) Louis Pasteur
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Which leader was instrumental in the abolition of slavery in the British Empire during the 19th century?
- A) William Wilberforce
- B) Abraham Lincoln
- C) Frederick Douglass
- D) Harriet Tubman
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Who was the monarch of Russia during the 19th century known for his reforms, including the emancipation of serfs?
- A) Nicholas I
- B) Alexander II
- C) Catherine the Great
- D) Peter the Great
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Which institution, founded in 1848, aimed to promote workers' rights and socialist ideals during the 19th century?
- A) International Monetary Fund (IMF)
- B) International Labour Organization (ILO)
- C) Communist International (Comintern)
- D) First International (International Workingmen's Association)
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Who was the leader of the Indian Rebellion of 1857, also known as the Sepoy Mutiny, against British rule in India?
- A) Bahadur Shah II
- B) Rani Lakshmibai
- C) Mangal Pandey
- D) Tatya Tope
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Which political philosopher and economist laid the foundations of modern communism with his work "The Communist Manifesto" in 1848?
- A) Karl Marx
- B) Friedrich Engels
- C) Vladimir Lenin
- D) Leon Trotsky
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Who was the leader of the American women's suffrage movement, advocating for women's right to vote during the 19th century?
- A) Susan B. Anthony
- B) Elizabeth Cady Stanton
- C) Lucretia Mott
- D) Carrie Chapman Catt
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Which leader played a key role in the liberation of Latin American countries from Spanish rule, including Argentina, Chile, and Peru?
- A) Simon Bolivar
- B) José de San Martín
- C) Simón Rodríguez
- D) Bernardo O'Higgins
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Who founded the American Red Cross, an organization providing emergency assistance, disaster relief, and education?
- A) Clara Barton
- B) Florence Nightingale
- C) Dorothea Dix
- D) Elizabeth Blackwell
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Which institution, founded in 1863, aimed to promote international cooperation and peace after the Napoleonic Wars?
- A) League of Nations
- B) United Nations
- C) Congress of Vienna
- D) International Committee of the Red Cross
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Who was the leader of the German unification movement, known as the "Iron Chancellor"?
- A) Otto von Bismarck
- B) Wilhelm II
- C) Kaiser Franz Joseph I
- D) Franz Ferdinand
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Which institution, established in 1865, aimed to protect the rights of workers and improve working conditions globally?
- A) International Monetary Fund (IMF)
- B) International Labour Organization (ILO)
- C) World Bank
- D) European Union (EU)
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Who was the leader of the Zionist movement, advocating for the establishment of a Jewish homeland in Palestine?
- A) Theodor Herzl
- B) David Ben-Gurion
- C) Chaim Weizmann
- D) Golda Meir
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Which leader played a significant role in the abolitionist movement and the Underground Railroad, helping enslaved people escape to freedom?
- A) Harriet Tubman
- B) Frederick Douglass
- C) Sojourner Truth
- D) William Lloyd Garrison
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Who was the monarch of England during the 19th century, known for her long reign and the expansion of the British Empire?
- A) Queen Victoria
- B) King George III
- C) King Edward VII
- D) Queen Elizabeth I
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Which political philosopher and writer advocated for the separation of church and state and the principles of religious tolerance in his work "On Liberty"?
- A) John Stuart Mill
- B) Thomas Paine
- C) John Locke
- D) Voltaire
